untuk presentasi theodicy

key words

theodicy ; justification of the righteous of God, given the existence of evil

soul-deciding = people respon to evil decides their destiny

 

Theodicy (IPA: /θiːˈɒdɪsi/) (adjectival form theodicean) is

a specific branch of

theology and philosophy that attempts to reconcile

the problem of evil

 

The term theodicy comes from the Greek θεός (theós, “god”) and δίκη (díkē, “justice”), meaning literally “the justice of God,” although a more appropriate phrase may be “to justify God” or “the justification of God.” The term was coined in 1710 by the German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz in a work entitled Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l’homme et l’origine du mal (“Theodicic Essays on the Benevolence of God, the Free will of man, and the Origin of Evil”). The purpose of the essay was to show that the evil in the world does not conflict with the goodness of God, and that notwithstanding its many evils, the world is the best of all possible worlds

 

problem evil was first formulated by epicurus (324-270)

and has been restated in various forms.

 

 

down through the centuries augustine in his confesion

god is omnipoten

God is all-good

God opposes evil

there evil does not exist in the world

 

evil divides into

moral : which arises from the responsible action of group and individual who cause suffering or harm.they include such stealing, lying, anda envy as well as the evils of some political system

natural : which arise from events whic cause suffering but over  which human being have litle control eg eartquakes  and disease

some make further grouping such as pysical -wich refers to pain itself and mental anguish-and metaphysical -which refer to imperfection and contingency as feature of cosmos.

 

Does Evil Exist?

Monisme says that everyting is of one nature, assuming that nature is good rather than evi,it meang tha ecil is an illusion.

monisme would acknowledeged  that we may ‘feel’ that such a view of reality is false since we ’seem’ to have experienced evil. however; our feeling are false

 

the nature of God

another approachto the problem would be to challenge the nature of God : either His goodness or His omnipotence

1) GOd is not all good/loving

2) God is not omnipotent

3)

 

The nature of God

Theodicy investigates the question of God’s nature and attributes.

The latter are in part absolute (quiescentia) and in part relative (operativa). In the first class belong traits such as infinity, immutability, omnipresence, and eternity; to the second class the knowledge, volition, and action of God. The action of God includes the creation, maintenance, and governance of the world, the co-operation of God with the activity of the creature, and the working of miracles. While many grant that all our cognition of God is incomplete, this branch of theodicy attempts to explain those traits of God of which we have some understanding. It includes, for instance, the classical problem of how God can be infinitely good and yet allow evil to occur.

• Calvinism asserts that all events are part of God’s righteous plan, and therefore, though they may involve true evil in themselves, they are intended by God for morally justified purposes (which are not always apparent to humanity). Calvinists see the duality of intentions indicated in Genesis 50:15-20 as the exemplar of this paradigm. Compare Augustine, Enchridion, On Faith, Hope and Love, 26:100.^[1]
• Open Theism asserts that God’s purpose in creation was for a genuine love relationship with humankind. For this to happen one must have the ability to reject God. If people could not freely choose sin then they could not freely choose to love God. God allows humans to make their own decisions such that God can have real interpersonal relationships. Because God does not cause this sin and because humankind is not fated to sin, God is not guilty of that sin.
• “Modified Dualism,” since the powers of good and evil are unequal, and the evil power is merely tolerated by the good power, who turns all the acts of the evil power into eventual good. Classical Christianity, i.e, from the Apostolic Fathers to Augustine, has been characterized as “modified Dualism.” Sts. Augustine and Basil the Great both explicitly mention this idea. St. John of Damascus proposed that God deliberately leaves some events “in our hands.” In early modern times (1714) a modified Dualism was advocated by John of Tobolsk. Calvinism may be seen as a form of “modified Dualism” in the Augustinian tradition